What is Motherboard and its types

 Motherboard: A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit board or mobo) is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems. It holds and allows communication between many of the crucial electronic components of a system,

The motherboard is just like a "mother" in a family who connects all family members to each other and makes a family happy, likewise the motherboard connects all the devices to each other. 


There are a few top motherboards manufacturers: 

  1. ASRock.
  2. Asus.
  3. Biostar.
  4. EVGA Corporation.
  5. Gigabyte Technology.
  6. MSI (Micro-Star International)
  7. Intel.

Types of Motherboards:

Motherboards are described using a form factor called Advanced Technology eXTENDED(ATX)  and this form factor is invented by INTEL company. ATX not only describes motherboard layout but also lays specifications for power supply and PC cabinets and different connectors for compatibility purposes 


There are three main types of sizes in the motherboard: 

1. Standard ATX: This motherboard comes in 305*244mm (length*breadth) dimensions, these dimensions can vary with different manufacturers. 

Standard  ATX Motherboard


2. Micro ATX: This Motherboard comes in 244*244mm (length*breadth) dimensions. This Motherboard has fewer ports and slots as compared to a standard ATX board. 

Micro ATX Motherboard

2. eXTENDEND ATX: This Motherboard comes in  344*330mm dimensions. This Motherboard is designed for both dual CPU and single configuration and has up to 8 Ram slots and has more PCIe and PCI slots for adding PCI cards for different purposes. It is used for workstations and servers. 


                            Motherboard Diagram

 


1. CPU socket
2. Chipset		3. DIMM/RAM slots
4. PCIe x16 slot5. PCI x1 slot6. M.2 connector
7. SATA ports8. Front panel connectors9. USB 2. header
10. USB 3.1 Gen1 header11. USB 3.1 Gen2 header12. ATX power connector
13. CPU power connector14. BIOS chips15. CMOS battery
16. Fan headers17. Front panel header18. VRM heatsink
19. COM/Serial header20. TPM header21. RGB header


1. CPU: Central Processing Unit

2. DIMM/RAM: Dual-in-line memory module/ Random access memory

3. PCIe: Peripheral component interconnects express(used as a standardized interface for motherboard components including graphics, memory, and storage. 

4. PCI: Peripheral component interface

5. SATA: serial advanced technology attachment (an interface for transferring data between a computer's central circuit board and storage devices. 

6. USB: Universal Serial Bus

7. BIOS: basic input-output system

8. CMOS: Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor

9. VRM: voltage regulator module

10. COM: communication

11. TPM: Trusted plateform module


Rear ports on cabinet




22. PS/2 Keyboard/Mouse port
23. USB 3.0/3.1 Gen1 ports
24. DisplayPort
25. HDMI port
26. USB Type-C
27. USB 3.1 Gen2
28. Ethernet port
29. Analogue/digital audio ports

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