What is Internet?

 Internet: Interconnected/International Network

Network: When two or more computers are connected with wired and wireless and share their resources(in the form of Images, Videos, etc) it is called a Network.

The real meaning of Network/Internet is "Sharing".

Share Right Information

सही जानकारी साँझा करे  

• The Network is created by the Fiber Optic Cable across the world. 
• Through these cables transfer data from one end to another at almost the speed of light. (The speed of light approx 3 lakh Kilometer/second). 
• Internet is a worldwide global system of interconnected computer networks.
• Internet uses the standard Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).
• Every computer on the internet is identified by a unique IP address
• IP Address is a unique set of numbers (such as 192.168.1.1) that identifies a computer location.
• A special computer DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to give a name to the IP Address so that the user can locate a computer by a name.
• For example, a DNS server will resolve a name www.taruncomputer1405.blogspot.com to a particular IP address to uniquely identify the computer on which this website is hosted.
• Internet is accessible to every user all over the world

हिंदी में :

 इन्टरनेट जिसको हिंदी में "अंतरजाल" कहते है। ये नेटवर्क फाइबर ऑप्टिक केबल से बना हुआ है, जिसमे से डेटा लगभग लाइट की स्पीड(जो होती है 3 लाख किलीमीटर/सेकंड)  से एक जगह से दूसरी जगह पर जाता है।    

Diagram of Internet: how the Internet works

 

There are three types of Networks:

1. Internet: The network formed by the cooperative interconnection of millions of computers, linked together is called the Internet. 

2.  Intranet: It is an internal private network built within an organization using the Internet and World Wide Web standards and products that allow employees of an organization to gain access to corporate information.  

3. Extranet: It is the type of network that allows users from outside to access the Intranet of an organization.

There are three types of data communications mode in a network:

1. Simplex Mode: In simplex mode data only go to one way. Example: Radio, Television (इस तरीके में जानकारी सिर्फ एक ही तरफ़ जाती है) 

2. Half Duplex Mode:  In Half Duplex mode sender can send the data and also can receive the data but one at a time. It is two-way directional communication but one at a time. Example: Walkie- talkie, physical example: Post office (इस तरीके में जानकारी एक समय में एक ही तरफ से दूसरी तरफ जाती है)

3. Full Duplex Mode: In Full Duplex mode, Sender can send the data and also can receive the data simultaneously. It is two-way directional communication simultaneously. Example: Mobile, landline Phone. physical example: face to face (इस तरीके में जानकारी एक ही समय में एक तरफ से दूसरे और दूसरी तरफ से पहली तरफ जा सकती है) 

Protocol (नियम): There are many rules in the Internet network system like any other system through which it runs smoothly and makes this system good and fair. 

How network Protocols works:

This network works on OSI(open system interconnect) Model.

There are 7 Layers in this model and its protocol as follow:-

First layer: Physical

Last layer: Application

Full form of protocols

1. SMTP: Simple mail transfer protocol (used to transfer e-mail with attachments)

2. HTTPS: Hypertext transfer protocol secure( used to send request for website/web application and receive the information)

3. FTP: file transfer protocol(used to transferring of files from one system to another over the internet.

4. POP3: Post Office Protocol(used by e-mail clients to retrieve e-mail from mail server.  

5. SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol(used to collecting organizing information.)

6. DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol(used to assign IP(internet protocol) address automatically.) 

7. SSL: Secure sockets layer: (used to create secure the encrypted connection between Web server and a web browser.

8. DNS: Domain name system: (used to link domain and IP address) It is a phonebook of the Internet.

9. TCP: Transmission Control Protocol ( it establish the connection)

10. UDP: User datagram protocol: (used to check the error in a connection)

11 IPv4 : Internet Protocol version 4 (192.168.1.1) 

12: IPv6: Internet Protocol version 6( 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334)

13. ICMP: Internet Control Message Protocol(it is used to operate host to host or host to router or router to router)

14. IGMP: Internet Group Message Protocol (It is used between host to multicast router)

Thanking You